Comparing Old New Terrorism Free Essays

Presentation 1.1 Background In the commencement to the furthest limit of the twentieth century, eminent researchers thought of another idea of ‘New Terrorism’ which speaks to a move from the conventional fear based oppression. The ‘new terrorism’ ‘refers to a subjective change in the idea of fear based oppression, which has supposedly occurred during the 1990s’ (Kurtulus 2007:476). We will compose a custom paper test on Looking at Old New Terrorism or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now This worldview has likewise been differently alluded to as ‘contemporary terrorism’ (Laqueur 2003) ‘post-present day terrorism’, ‘super-terrorism’, ‘catastrophic terrorism’ and ‘hyper-terrorism’ (Field 2009). This thesis plans to attempt the assessment of this change in outlook. It means to look at the different sources if there is without a doubt a ‘New Terrorism’ as solicited by certain researchers and strategy creators. It would do this by doing a contextual investigation of Irish Republican Army, or the IRA and Al Qaeda speaking to each gathering. 1.2 Aims and Objectives In this segment, the examination points, targets, and exploration addresses will be plot. Right off the bat, the point of this exploration is as per the following: To guarantee that this point is completely investigated, the accompanying examination destinations have been formulated: How are the developing types of psychological warfare unique in relation to the customary strategies By what method should the current counterterrorism framework be altered so as to address the difficulties of the advanced age 1.3 Research Questions The exploration question is as per the following: What are the new types of fear based oppression and what elements made them What are the key factors that have added to the achievement of these new fear based oppressor rehearses Is the current counterterrorist framework equipped for managing the rising fear monger danger To try to investigate this point, research question and these destinations, a survey of the writing will be attempted to investigate these zones have encountered change after some time. The discoveries from this survey will be utilized to investigate and analyze the exploration point, targets and question. To guarantee this is properly attempted the accompanying subjects will be talked about in the audit: 1.4 Scope of the Study An investigation of the Irish Republican Army will be embraced in contrast with the cutting edge tasks of the perceived psychological militant office Al Qaeda. 1.5 Structure of the Study This investigation will be involved 6 segments including the presentation, writing survey, and system, contextual investigation examination, Discussion, Conclusion. 2 Literature Review The segment will survey significant writing as respects the proposed research. 2.1 Defining Terrorism and rising types of Terrorism 2.2 Factors that added to Terrorism’s Success 2.3 Current anticipation and requirement choices 2.4Trends 3. Technique This section outlines the examination system utilized just as giving a short early on entry with respect to the importance of exploration procedure. 3.1 Introduction The system centers around a clarification of the subjective and quantitative examination approaches considered for this postulation to address the accompanying inquiries: How are the rising types of fear mongering not the same as the customary techniques In what manner should the current counterterrorism framework be changed so as to address the difficulties of the cutting edge age This incorporates the components of the examination approach embraced and the explanations for this decision. 3.2 Methods of Data Collection Auxiliary sources dating from the activity of the Irish Republican Army just as year to date tasks of Al Qaeda will give the necessary scope of information for evaluation. 3.2.1 Case Study Analysis Yin (2009) fights that the contextual analysis examination methodology is a substantial instrument for giving experimental substance. This strategy for research takes into consideration an examination concerning this present reality effect of fear mongering. Others fight that the contextual analysis isn't generally the best vital examination approach (Baxter and Jack 2008). Nonetheless, Stake (1995) exhibits that a contextual analysis can give comprehension and increment the limit with regards to comprehension. The methodology for this exposition will use a subjective, interpretative exploration strategy; a contextual analysis assessment of the Irish Republican Army and Al Qaeda. Yin (2009) shows that the exploratory contextual investigation strategy can be utilized to look at circumstances in which there is no characterized result. This exploration will lay on the objective to distinguish difficulties and exercises for future. For the reasons for this examination, the subjective exploration approach is increasingly appropriate because of ability to survey the wide running nature the fear monger conditions. Contextual investigation This segment will introduce a contextual investigation assessment of the Irish Republican Army in contrast with the tasks of Al Qaeda. 4.1 Irish Republican Army arrangement factors Ryanair and (another carrier of your decision) 4.2 Effectiveness of the IRA techniques 4.3 Al Qaeda development factors 4.4 Effectiveness of the IRA techniques 4.5 Trends 4.8 Discussion (Tie the contextual analysis to the writing survey) 5. End 7. References Baxter, P. what's more, Jack, S. 2008. Subjective contextual analysis system: Study plan and execution for amateur specialists. The Qualitative Report, 13 (4), pp. 544â€559. Field, A. 2009. The ‘New Terrorism’: Revolution or Evolution?. Political Studies Review, 7 (2), pp. 195â€207. Kurtulus, E. 2011. The â€Å"new terrorism† and its faultfinders. Studies in Conflict Terrorism, 34 (6), pp. 476â€500. Laqueur, W. 2003. No limit to war. New York: Continuum. Stake, R. 1995. The specialty of contextual analysis research. Sage Publications, Inc. Yin, R. 2009. Contextual investigation research. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. The most effective method to refer to Comparing Old New Terrorism, Essay models

Pyrrhic Victory - Origin of the Term

Pyrrhic Victory - Origin of the Term A Pyrrhic triumph is a kind of win that really dispenses such a great amount of demolition on the successful side that it is fundamentally equivalent to overcome. A side that successes a Pyrrhic triumph is considered eventually successful, yet the tolls endured, and the future effect those tolls, work to discredit the sentiment of genuine accomplishment. This is here and there alluded to as a ‘hollow victory’. Models: For example, in the realm of sports, if group A thrashings group B in an ordinary season game, however group A loses its best player to a season-finishing injury during the game, that would be viewed as a Pyrrhic triumph. Group A won the momentum challenge, anyway losing their best player for the rest of the period would detract from any genuine sentiment of achievement or accomplishment that the group would normally feel after a triumph. Another model could be drawn from the front line. In the event that side A thrashings side B in a specific fight, however loses a high number of its powers in the fight, that would be viewed as a Pyrrhic triumph. Indeed, side A won the specific fight, yet the losses endured will have extreme negative impacts from Side A going ahead, bringing down the general sentiment of triumph. This circumstance is usually alluded to as â€Å"winning the fight however losing the war.† Root The expression Pyrrhic triumph begins from King Pyrrhus of Epirus, who in 281 B.C., endured the first Pyrrhic triumph. Ruler Pyrrhus arrived on the southern Italian shore with twenty elephants and 25,000-30,000 officers prepared to protect their kindred Greek speakers (in Tarentum of Magna Graecia) against propelling Roman control. Pyrrhus won the initial two fights that he took an interest in upon appearance on the southern Italian shore (at Heraclea in 280 BC and at Asculum in 279 BC). Nonetheless, over the span of those two fights, he lost an exceptionally high number of his officers. With his numbers cut radically, King Pyrrhus’s armed force turned out to be too slight to even consider lasting, and they in the long run wound up losing the war. In both of his triumphs over the Romans, the Roman side endured a bigger number of setbacks than Pyrrhus’ side did. In any case, the Romans likewise had an a lot bigger armed force to work with, and consequently their losses implied less to them than Pyrrhus’s never really side. The term Pyrrhic triumph originates from these staggering fights. Greek student of history Plutarch depicted King Pyrrhus’s triumph over the Romans in his Life of Pyrrhus: â€Å"The armed forces isolated; and, it is stated, Pyrrhus answered to one that gave him delight of his triumph that one other such triumph would completely fix him. For he had lost an extraordinary piece of the powers he carried with him, and practically the entirety of his specific companions and head officers; there were no others there to make enlisted people, and he found the confederates in Italy in reverse. Then again, as from a wellspring constantly streaming out of the city, the Roman camp was rapidly and copiously topped off with new men, not in any manner subsiding in mental fortitude for the misfortune they continued, however even from their very displeasure increasing new power and goals to go on with the war.†

Major regions of the brain and their functions on behavior Essay

The mind is an unpredictable structure that is partitioned into particular parts or locales that perform specific capacity. The significance of specialization and mind parts division isn't just in cerebrum handling data and producing reactions, yet the particular effect on conduct of an individual created by each specific part. In such manner, the mind has three primary locales: cerebral cortex, limbic framework and the cerebrum stem (Charles, 2002). The mind stem is the most crude piece of the cerebrum that is situated at the joint where the spinal string enters the mind (Charles, 2002). This piece of the mind contains such sub-parts as reticular movement framework, medulla and the Pons. The principle capacity of this piece of the cerebrum is for autonomic capacities considered as fundamental for endurance, for example, wellbeing, nourishment, safe house and security looking for practices. For example, when an individual becomes sick, the cerebrum stem triggers off the strategy to look for medicine or human services, therefore such an individual will move towards the clinic premises than to some other heading of nourishment or security. The cerebral cortex is cerebrum area that is on external part that covers the mind (Charles, 2002). By prudence of covering the mind, the cerebral cortex is considered as the biggest piece of the cerebrum. The conduct capacity of the cerebral cortex includes higher psychological procedures, for example, memory process that improves language, thought and learning. Thusly, practices, for example, execution in scholastic work, capacity to hold and recall, verbal familiarity and discourse improvement are controlled and created by the cerebral cortex. Limbic framework (Charles, 2002) is the third district of the cerebrum with structures, for example, hippocampus, thalamus, amygdale and nerve center. This piece of the mind is answerable for enthusiastic related practices of people, for example, inspiration, memory capacities, and physiological capacities. For example, amygdale is liable for practices, for example, outrage, dread and animosity. The hippocampus sub-structure includes the elements of memory, for example, data coding and preparing into present moment and long haul recollections. Nerve center is answerable for enthusiastic practices, for example, hunger, sexual emotions, parched and proliferation practices. The tactile procedure as these situations unfurls The procedure and activity of hitting the ball creates a breaking sound that heads out through air to the ears as a sound tangible organ. The sound message is gotten and passed on by ears tactile nerves to the focal sensory system (CNS). The focal sensory system consequently starts nerve drive to send the message to the mind. In the cerebrum the thalamus situated inside the limbic framework got the message through tangible receptors found in fringe sensory system and afterward advances the message to the cerebral cortex for investigation and understanding and afterward produce input message to the sight tactile organs (Albert, 2002). After translation of the of the ball sound in the mind by the cerebral cortex, the message is created back through a similar road that to the thalamus that will send drive to the sight tangible organ: eye. The eyes muscles will be associated with a reflex activity to modify and focus on the ball that has been hit. Thusly, ball development is followed by the eye. Nonetheless, since the eye doesn't have the ability to get the ball separated from watching it; the sight tangible nerves inside the eyes make an impression on the cerebrum to plan vital instrument to get the ball (Albert, 2002). When the message has been produced by the sight tactile nerves to the cerebrum, the mind through thalamus gets the message through the tangible receptors found in fringe sensory system and afterward advances the message to the cerebral cortex for investigation and translation. After investigation and understanding, the cerebral cortex sends back the message to thalamus which thus animates the concerned organs through capable synapses to plan muscle activity to get the ball as it land. The planning of the ball is totally an activity and is dependant on psychological capacities of the people (Albert, 2002). Reference Albert, B A. (2002) Molecular Biology of the Cell: New York, Garland. Charles, GM. (2002), Psychology: A presentation: New York, Prentice corridor.

The Dynamics Of Prosecuting Attorneys. Prosecuting Attorneys

The Dynamics of Prosecuting Attorneys Prosecuting attorneys have been enforcing law and order for many years, trying criminal cases while representing local, state, or federal governments. They interview witnesses and victims, look at police reports, and do legal research to plan prosecutions for cases. After the information is collected, it is used in court to present a case against the defendant. Most of the time cases are begun by reviewing police reports and conducting research. To be able to be successful in this field you have to know how to conduct research and be excellent at problem solving. (â€Å"Prosecuting†). Before getting into the dynamics of a prosecuting attorney, the history of this career is important and should be told.†¦show more content†¦There are some barriers before starting law school. Before you are accepted into the law school of your choosing you must pass the Law School Admission Test (LSAT). To become a prosecutor, you have to earn a bachelor’s degree and a Juris Doctor Degree. After finishing law school, you have to pass the states bar exam. Passing the bar exam is the only way to get a license to practice. (â€Å"Prosecuting†). Potential prosecutors should focus on criminal law while earning their degree. Criminal law is a system of law that is devoted to the punishment of people who commit crimes. â€Å"In general, Criminal law asks and answers three questions: 1. Did an individual commit a crime? 2. Which crime did an individual commit? 3. Does the individual have a defense?† The way each state prosecutes criminals is different because each state has its own criminal code. Which means each state decides what punishment is appropriate for each crime. Criminal codes vary greatly among state and federal government. Some statues resemble the common law criminal code, but others, like the New York Penal Law, almost mimic the Model Penal Code (MPC). Common law is when law is taken from judicial decisions instead of from written law. Model Penal Law was influential work that played a very important part in the revision and process of arranging laws. (â€Å"Criminal†). Prosecuting attorney have one of the toughest careers. In court they representShow MoreRelatedPsychological Secrecy And The Death Penalty Analysis1566 Words   |  7 Pagesconcrete [building]† where prisoners are left to suffer in unbearable conditions (Stevenson, 53). With few privileges and far from home, McMillian was not able to have contact with his family or know what was happening surrounding his case. Racial dynamics were influential in the process of the case. There was collision between judges and prosecutors about the venue for the trial. The trial was moved to Baldwin County, a white county where only one African American served as a juror. 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Characteristics Of An Effective Communicator - 1831 Words

Every person has different learning outcomes when they complete a class. The following Core Assessment will give the reader a full spectrum reflection of my last 8 weeks at class. To better understand my learning outcomes in Human Communication you need to know What are some characteristics of an effective communicator, a before and after evaluation of my communication, and What I have learned in last 8 weeks. After you are done reading this core assessment you will know how much a have improved my communication skills and you might learn couple of new things yourself. Characteristics of an Effective Communicator Going back to beginning of March when I started Introduction to Human Communication class, I had no idea what a good†¦show more content†¦I believe this is the only model available in my tool box when the purpose of communication is to discipline. The second type of communication in the Week 1 Lecture, is Interactive Model which is more of a day to day conversation because of the two-way communication nature, where one of the elements offer a response to the other. Last but not least is the third model which is the Transactional Model this model is a perfect example of the complexity of communication since encompass every single element of communication. This model helped me understand how easy communication can be damage by the environment. The reason I went out of my way to explain the three different model of communication, is because only good communicators with the traits or characteristics that I’m about to describe to you will know which model of communication its being use and will know how to achieved the purpose of the communication. One of my favorites characteristics is GETTING PERSONAL or showing empathy. If you do not make your audience or you if you are the audience care about the message they will not received the message. You need to be interested in the message to be able to provide feedback. In the other hand you need to know your audience to be able to know if the message will interest the other person. J. DeMers, (2016). By knowing your audience, you will be able to retrieved the types of facts to

The Basic Dilemma of the Artist Example For Students

The Basic Dilemma of the Artist Biography We have a corporeal body. It is a physical entity, subject to all the laws of physics. Yet, we experience ourselves, our internal lives, external events in a manner which provokes us to postulate the existence of a corresponding, non-physical ontos, entity. This corresponding entity ostensibly incorporates a dimension of our being which, in principle, can never be tackled with the instruments and the formal logic of science. A compromise was proposed long ago : the soul is nothing but our self awareness or the way that we experience ourselves. But this is a flawed solution. It is flawed because it assumes that the human experience is uniform, unequivocal and identical. It might well be so but there is no methodologically rigorous way of proving it. We have no way to objectively ascertain that all of us experience pain in the same manner or that pain that we experience is the same in all of us. This is even when the causes of the sensation are carefully controlled and monitored. A scientist might say that it is only a matter of time before we find the exact part of the brain which is responsible for the specific pain in our gedankenexperiment. Moreover, will add our gedankenscientist, in due course, science will even be able to demonstrate a monovalent relationship between a pattern of brain activity in situ and the aforementioned pain. In other words, the scientific claim is that the patterns of brain activity ARE the pain itself. Such an argument is, prima facie, inadmissible. The fact that two events coincide even if they do so forever does not make them identical. The serial occurrence of two events does not make one of them the cause and the other the effect, as is well known. Similarly, the contemporaneous occurrence of two events only means that they are correlated. A correlate is not an alter ego. It is not an aspect of the same event. The brain activity is what appears WHEN pain happens it by no means follows that it IS the pain itself. A stronger argument would crystallize if it was convincingly and repeatedly demonstrated that playing back these patterns of brain activity induces the same pain. Even in such a case, we would be talking about cause and effect rather than identity of pain and its correlate in the brain. The gap is even bigger when we try to apply natural languages to the description of emotions and sensations. This seems close to impossible. How can one even half accurately communicate ones anguish, love, fear, or desire ? We are prisoners in the universe of our emotions, never to emerge and the weapons of language are useless. Each one of us develops his or her own, idiosyncratic, unique emotional language. It is not a jargon, or a dialect because it cannot be translated or communicated. No dictionary can ever be constructed to bridge this lingual gap. In principle, experience is incommunicable. People in the very far future may be able to harbour the same emotions, chemically or otherwise induced in them. One brain could directly take over another and make it feel the same. Yet, even then these experiences will not be communicable and we will have no way available to us to compare and decide whether there was an identity of sensations or of emotions. Still, when we say sadness, we all seem to understand what we are talking about. In the remotest and furthest reaches of the earth people share this feeling of being sad. The feeling might be evoked by disparate circumstances yet, we all seem to share some basic element of being sad. So, what is this element? .ub33cecf90fcf87c9cae6e1c970d4e346 , .ub33cecf90fcf87c9cae6e1c970d4e346 .postImageUrl , .ub33cecf90fcf87c9cae6e1c970d4e346 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub33cecf90fcf87c9cae6e1c970d4e346 , .ub33cecf90fcf87c9cae6e1c970d4e346:hover , .ub33cecf90fcf87c9cae6e1c970d4e346:visited , .ub33cecf90fcf87c9cae6e1c970d4e346:active { border:0!important; } .ub33cecf90fcf87c9cae6e1c970d4e346 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub33cecf90fcf87c9cae6e1c970d4e346 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub33cecf90fcf87c9cae6e1c970d4e346:active , .ub33cecf90fcf87c9cae6e1c970d4e346:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub33cecf90fcf87c9cae6e1c970d4e346 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub33cecf90fcf87c9cae6e1c970d4e346 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub33cecf90fcf87c9cae6e1c970d4e346 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub33cecf90fcf87c9cae6e1c970d4e346 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub33cecf90fcf87c9cae6e1c970d4e346:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub33cecf90fcf87c9cae6e1c970d4e346 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub33cecf90fcf87c9cae6e1c970d4e346 .ub33cecf90fcf87c9cae6e1c970d4e346-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub33cecf90fcf87c9cae6e1c970d4e346:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Albrecht DurerWe have already said that we are confined to using idiosyncratic emotional languages and that no dictionary is possible between them. Now we will postulate the existence of a meta language. This is a language common to all humans, indeed, it seems to be the language of being human. Emotions are but phrases in this language. This language must exist otherwise all communication between humans would have ceased to exist. It would appear that the relationship between this universal language and the idiosyncratic, individualistic languages is a relation of correlation. Pain is correlated to brain activity, on the one hand and to this universal language, on the other. We would, therefore, tend to parsimoniously assume that the two correlates are but one and the same. In other words, it may well be that the brain activity which goes together is but the physical manifestation of the meta-lingual element PAIN. We feel pain and this is our experience, unique, incommunicable, expressed solely in our idiosyncratic language. We know that we are feeling pain and we communicate it to others. As we do so, we use the meta, universal language. The very use or even the thought of using this language provokes the brain activity which is so closely correlated with pain. It is important to clarify that the universal language could well be a physical one. Possibly, even genetic. Nature might have endowed us with this universal language to improve our chances to survive. The communication of emotions is of an unparalleled evolutionary importance and a species devoid of the ability to communicate the existence of pain would perish. Pain is our guardian against the perils of our surroundings. To summarize : we manage our inter-human emotional communication using a universal language which is either physical or, at least, has strong physical correlates. The function of bridging the gap between an idiosyncratic language his or her own and a more universal one was relegated to a group of special individuals called artists. Theirs is the job to experience mostly emotions, to mould it into a the grammar, syntax and vocabulary of a universal language in order to communicate the echo of their idiosyncratic language. They are forever mediating between us and their experience. Rightly so, the quality of an artist is measured by his ability to loyally represent his unique language to us. The smaller the distance between the original experience the emotion of the artist and its external representation the more prominent the artist. We declare artistic success when the universally communicable representation succeeds at recreating the original emotion felt by the artist with us. It is very much like those science fiction contraptions which allow for the decomposition of the astronauts body in one spot and its recreation, atom for atom in another teleportation. Even if the artist fails to do so but succeeds in calling forth any kind of emotional response in his viewers/readers/listeners, he is deemed successful. Every artist has a reference group, his audience. They could be alive or dead for instance, he could measure himself against past artists. They could be few or many, but they must exist for art, in its fullest sense, to exist. Modern theories of art speak about the audience as an integral and defining part of the artistic creation and even of the artefact itself. But this, precisely, is the source of the dilemma of the artist: Who is to determine who is a good, qualitative artist and who is not? Put differently, who is to measure the distance between the original experience and its representation? After all, if the original experience is an element of an idiosyncratic, non-communicable, language we have no access to any information regarding it and, therefore, we are in no position to judge it. Only the artist has access to it and only he can decide how far is his representation from his original experience. .u6447d8ecee935d05175a7e9c35a34423 , .u6447d8ecee935d05175a7e9c35a34423 .postImageUrl , .u6447d8ecee935d05175a7e9c35a34423 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6447d8ecee935d05175a7e9c35a34423 , .u6447d8ecee935d05175a7e9c35a34423:hover , .u6447d8ecee935d05175a7e9c35a34423:visited , .u6447d8ecee935d05175a7e9c35a34423:active { border:0!important; } .u6447d8ecee935d05175a7e9c35a34423 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6447d8ecee935d05175a7e9c35a34423 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6447d8ecee935d05175a7e9c35a34423:active , .u6447d8ecee935d05175a7e9c35a34423:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6447d8ecee935d05175a7e9c35a34423 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6447d8ecee935d05175a7e9c35a34423 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6447d8ecee935d05175a7e9c35a34423 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6447d8ecee935d05175a7e9c35a34423 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6447d8ecee935d05175a7e9c35a34423:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6447d8ecee935d05175a7e9c35a34423 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6447d8ecee935d05175a7e9c35a34423 .u6447d8ecee935d05175a7e9c35a34423-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6447d8ecee935d05175a7e9c35a34423:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Henri Toulouse LautrecArt criticism is impossible. Granted, his reference group his audience, however limited, whether among the living, or among the dead has access to that meta language, that universal dictionary available to all humans. But this is already a long way towards the representation the work of art. No one in the audience has access to the original experience and their capacity to pass judgement is, therefore, in great doubt. On the other hand, only the reference group, only the audience can aptly judge the representation for what it is. The artist is too emotionally involved. True, the cold, objective facts concerning the work of art are available to both artist and reference group but the audience is in a privileged status, its bias is less pronounced. Normally, the reference group will use the meta language embedded in us as humans, some empathy, some vague comparisons of emotions to try and grasp the emotional foundation laid by the artist. But this is very much like substituting verbal intercourse for the real thing. Talking about emotions let alone making assumptions about what the artist may have felt that we also, maybe, share is a far cry from what really transpired in the artists mind. We are faced with a dichotomy : The epistemological elements in the artistic process belong exclusively and incommunicably to the artist The ontological aspects of the artistic process belong largely to the group of reference but they have no access to the epistemological domain And the work of art can be judged only by comparing the epistemological to the ontological. Nor the artist, neither his group of reference can do it. This mission is nigh impossible. Thus, an artist must make a decision early on in his career: Should he remain loyal and close to his emotional experiences and studies and forgo the warmth and comfort of being reassured and directed from the outside, through the reactions of the reference group, or should he consider the views, criticism and advice of the reference group in his artistic creation and, most probably, have to compromise the quality and the intensity of his original emotion in order to be more communicative.

Benifits of Human Cloning essays

Benifits of Human Cloning essays There are many benefits to the development of human cloning. Cloning of cells and genes has been a foundation in the development of many new drugs. These drugs can benefit many people suffering from heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and many other diseases. There have been many discussions about cloning in agriculture and laboratory animals since the announcement of Dolly. Cloning technology is being used today in agriculture to produce an improved quality and higher yield of fruits and vegetables. Livestock animals have been cloned using the method of embryo splitting techniques. The use of nuclear transfer technology will likely bring more improvements to transgenic livestock animals. The protein in the milk of these animals are being tested for use in humans. Nuclear transfer technology offers the potential of developing many medical benefits. Many biotechnology companies are producing these cloned animals to test life-threatening diseases. Mice can be tested for some of the diseases that affect humans. These treatments can help develop quicker human therapeutics. Using the cloned mice could increase our capability to test new treatments for diseases in humans. Animals are being bred today, whose organs may be transplanted into an individual suffering from an organ failure. Transgenic technology is being used to produce these animals, lessening the likelihood of the organ being rejected by the human patient. This could potentially make an endless supply of transplantable organs such as kidneys, livers, and hearts. Cloning of animals could also improve the efficient production of human medicines. Transgenic technology is being used today to produce therapeutic human proteins in animals milk. The protein is taken out of the milk and used to develop medicines for humans. This could potentially provide many needed medicines to humans. With...